Autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affect ...

Infections in the brain can have serious consequences and are often fatal. The immune defense system works differently here ...

Objectives Smoking is a well-established risk factor that exacerbates multiple sclerosis (MS) progression and increases disease activity. Smoking cessation promotion practices of MS clinicians are not ...