In the Middle Ages, flowers and plants were imbued with rich symbolism, deeply connected to religion, culture, and literature ...

The Celts emerged in Central Europe, particularly in the regions that are now Austria, Switzerland, southern Germany, and ...

During the Middle Ages (roughly 5th to 15th century), aristocracy and nobility played central roles in shaping the social, ...

Mare Nostrum is a Latin term meaning "Our Sea," historically used by the ancient Romans to refer to the Mediterranean Sea. It ...

Napoleon's Mamelukes were an elite cavalry unit composed of former Mamluks, who had initially fought against Napoleon’s ...

The Aedui (or Haedui) were a powerful Celtic tribe in ancient Gaul (modern-day France), who played a significant role in ...

The Romanization of Gaul began in earnest after Julius Caesar's conquest during the Gallic Wars. Prior to this, much of Gaul ...

After the conquest by Julius Caesar, the Pax Romana was established in Roman Gaul, which quickly became one of the most prosperous provinces of the Empire. Despite a few last revolts, the “Roman peace ...

Henry III, King of France from 1574 to 1589, was the last ruler of the Valois dynasty. The fourth son of Henry II and Catherine de’ Medici, he was not initially destined to reign. A skilled legislator ...